In AD 180 the island of Martinique is populated by Indians: the Saladoid to be more precise. They will be followed by the Arawak Indians in the other 300. These are destroyed by the Caribbean in 800 AD. June 15, 1502, the day of Saint-Martin, Christopher Columbus landed in Martinique during his fourth trip to "the Indies". He calls her Madinina "flower island". The island will remain long under the control of the natives and that in 1626, following the establishment by Richelieu Compagnie des Iles of America that Liénard L'Olive Belain Esnambuc then establish the first French contact with "the pearl of the Antilles". The conquest of new territories will lead to the gradual extermination of the indigenous Caribbean. Du Parquet, who governs the territory on behalf of the "Company", bought the island of Martinique for its own account in 1650. In 1674, under Louis XIV, Martinique is attached to the crown of France. From that time the slave trade from Africa began to organize and develop. In 1685, the "black code" Colbert implements what he says should be the "good rules and use of slavery" ...
Takeover by the British in 1759, the island was returned to the French in 1763, following an exchange with the Canada Lands ratified by the Treaty of Paris. Whereas in France the revolution brewing in Martinique opposing clans royalists and republicans. In 1791, Count Béhague manages to recapture the island and hoisted the flag lily only on the territory of the new royalist Republic France. These events have the effect of ¹ stoke rivalries between whites and mulattos békés allies freed blacks who demand equal rights with whites. In 1793, the Convention proclaimed the abolition of slavery and Béhague flees to the arrival of Governor Rochambeau. This abolition will however never implemented because the alliance with the English royalists who return again possession of Martinique until 1802. The territory will pass from hand to hand several times before being finally delivered to France in 1815 by the Treaty of Vienna.
On May 8, 1902 Mount Pelee (north-west of the island) will begin to erupt, causing the death of 28,000 people, Saint-Pierre was destroyed, and Fort de France became the new capital.
In 1946, France will end the colonial status of the West Indies and Martinique became the French department before becoming a full-fledged region in 1983.
In 1946, France will end the colonial status of the West Indies and Martinique became the French department before becoming a full-fledged region in 1983.
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